Why choose INSCRIPT over Roman phonetic for writing Indian Languages.
It is generally understood that civilizations are sustained by the language, the script, and the traditions which, over the decades and centuries, become the culture of people. Indian Civilisation has survived on the strength of these factors when Greek or Roman or Maya Civilisations have long since gone behind the curtain of Time. Today India can be proud of its nearly 25 Main Indian Languages, nearly 15 scripts, and near 7000 dialects. It is however, within our hands whether we use such rich and expansive heritage for differentiation leading to disintegration or we use it as a diverse but common heritage and thus as a symbol of national integration.
In the last three decades the advent of computers in daily live has brougt us on the door steps of a questionas as to whether our scripts would survive. The computer environment has taken over many other forms of Intelligent Communication and it largly utilises English as the base language. Looking at other European countries which use different languages but have similar scripts and a more similar Vernamala (Alphabetic order), we can say that ther are doing well in the field of computer communication through their languages. The JCK Trio (Japan, China and Korea) who have different languages but a common Vernamala and similarity of scripts are also doing well by insisting on computers that are based on this common Vernamala. The Arabic countries who also share a common Vernamala, though starting late, are doing reasonably well in these matters. That leaves only the South Asean countries such as India, Srilanka, Nepal, Bhutan, Tibet, Thailand, Indonasia. They share the 4th Vernamala of the world which is derived from Brahmi and has the most scientific formation that goes in the sequence ka-kha-ga-gha...... etc. Their scripts can all be considered as offsprings of Brahmi or Nagari scripts and their languages have largely emanated from Sanscrit Language. Among these countries India stands out as the largest repository of texts and hence carries the onus of making the necessary progress in Computer Communication, but appears to have failed so far.
It is clear that the need and importance of creating, adopting and cultivating a common base for all Nagari scripts on computers is essential. Unfortunately during the two earlier decades from 1980 to 2000 the philosophy of commercial secrecy prevailed leading to the use of non-standard codification. The language computation requires 3 kinds of standards -- for input (ie the key-board), output ( ie the font-design) and storage (ie the code or the formula to decide what alphabet will be represented by what binary-string inside the processor chip of the computer). The language tool designers readily accepted common standards for input and output. They created many font-standards for output thus giving beauty and readability to the printed text. Most of them adopted Type-writer-layout as the standard for key-board but some designed 2 more standards of layout -- one based on Roman Varnamala -- called Roman phonetic and other based on NAGARI Varrnamala called INSCRIPT.
They were all, however unanimous in their insistance for having non-standard codes for the storage, thus ensuring dedicated customers for themselves but created huge problems of incompatibility among various users of computers in the Regional languages. This created and strengthened the feeling that English Language and more so, the Roman Script was the only possible linking script which could be common for all users all over the country and any Language software not based on Roman had a limited use.
Fortunately the standard input coding developed by the name “INSCRIPT”, being based on NAGARI varnamala had the key-lay-out for all Indian Languages and with this feature it could have competed with Roman keyboard which was also common for all Indian Scripts. Moreover, it did not require much of practice to memorise Keyboard. All that was needed was to remember the Vernamala lesson learnt in Standard I. A picture of key-board design is attached herewith, from where it can be seen that the letters KA, KHA, GA, GHA are in close proximity to each other. Similarly, the letters in the next group CHA, CHHA, JA, JHA, are in proximity and so on. This would make the understanding of the Keyboard lay-out very easy and all that would then be needed is a little practice for the fingers to get the hang of the Keyboard lay out. Pertinent to note that this standard key-board was developed by Govt company CDAC.
In their enthusiasm CDAC also prepared and got approved by the BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards) a standard code for storage
which is the most important factor in Language computation. This standard although extremely simplistic and hence most effective in terms of saving the computers memory, was unfortunately discarded by CDAC themselves so as to commercialise their software. Thus in 1991, though India had developed all 3 kinds of standards needed in Language Computation, in practice, it remained in cold storage. And the language softwares remained incompatible with each other.
After the internet further developed as world wide web (www), in 1995, the internet compatible codification became the key issue. Fortunately the Unicode Consortium adopted the BIS standards for the Keyboard lay-out as well as for storage as was earlier developed for inscript. Thus, between 1996 to 2002 we were faced with a strange situation in which on one hand we could use the Inscript Keyboard of the marketted software of CDAC but it had a non-standard storage code and hence incompatibile with internet. On the other hand, the Storage Code adopted by Unicode would ensure internet compatibility but there was no sofrtware develped which had the standard inscript lay-out with BIS Storage Code. The Inscript Software sold by Govt. of India was incompatibile with internet because of its non-standared storage coding. Most of the Indian Computers used the microsoft environment which did not offer any solution. Only a tiny percentage adopted the linux operating system and open office environment, which allowed the user to have the Inscript Keyboard lay-out along with a Unicode compatible Storage Standard. This however, remain confined to a very few computer users who could see the advantage of linux and open office. To a vast majority of Computer Users, it still remained
problem to have some easy keyboard lay out which also conformed to the unicode storage standard. The situation continued till in 2003 the microsoft decided to market the Inscript by providing one-font-per-Indian-Language which was unicode compatibile, thus for Hindi it was Mangal font, for Kannad it was Tunga for Gujrati it was Shruti and so on. However during 1995 (when www came) to 2003 and also subsequent to 2003 a large majority of computer users who wanted to work with the Regional Languages shifted to the Roman Phonetic Method thus weakening the base for a good development of Indian Scripts on computers.
Now in 2012, we seem to be getting out of the problem of non-standardised language software packages which we faced during the 80s and 90s. However, we are still faced with two alternatives for Indian Languages on computer viz the Nagari based (ie inscript) or Roman Phonetic based.
It is therefore, necessary to bring an awareness amongst people and the Govt. to make better efforts for adoption and popularisation of the Inscript method which being based on the Nagri Vernamala, is readily accessible and practiciable for nearly 70% Indian Population who are unable to continue their study beyond 8th Standard. Giving them training for typing Regional Language on computers by using the Inscript method is the key to build up their confidence in handling computers and thus, ensuring their effective participation in increasing the productivity of the country.
गुरुवार, 8 मार्च 2012
मंगलवार, 17 जनवरी 2012
शनिवार, 7 जनवरी 2012
************** तुकबंदी सहित हिंदीमें व मराठीमें इनस्क्रिप्ट अभ्यास के बीस पाठ
हिंदीमें इनस्क्रिप्ट विधीसे टाईपिंग सीखने व अभ्यास के लिये बीस पाठ -- तुकबंदी सहित
by Leena Mehendale on Sunday, December 25, 2011
इन्स्क्रिप्ट टंकनके अभ्यासके लिये बीस पाठ उपयोगी -- (थोडीसी तुकबंदी सहित क्योंकि याद रखनेके लिये लय बडी उपयोगी है।)
INSCRIPT key layout
पाठ पहला --
अ आ इ ई उ ऊ ए ऐ ओ औ अं अः
आई, आए, आओ,
पाठ दूसरा
क ख ग घ,
ककाकिकीकुकूकेकैकोकौकंकः
गगागिगीगुगूगेगैगोगौगंगः
काका, काकी, कागा,
खाक, खाकी, गंगा,
घाघ, घी, गौ, कौआ
पाठ तीसरा
त थ द ध
च छ ज झ
ततातितीतुतूतेतैतोतौ
ददादिदीदुदूदेदैदोदौ
तात, तथा, तथागत
खाता, तीखा, चकाचक,
चाक, चाकू, छींको, दागो
दादी आई जागो जागो
काँच, कच्चा, छक्का, धक्का
दादा, दादी, दद्दा, अद्धा
आधा, आधी, आजा, आजी चंदा, चांदी
चाचा, चाची, छेदा, छेदी, देखादेखी
पाठ चौथा
ट ठ ड ढ
आटा, काटा, चाटा, चांटा,
आठ, काठ, खडा, डंका,
चाक, चाकू, छींको, जागो
काटा काठी गोटी, काटो
कडा, कीडा, चंगा, दिखा
कूडा, जूडा, चाट, चखा
काट कटाई, खाट खटाई,
चाट चटाई, छाँट छटाई
कौडी, कूडा, चौडी, चूडा
कैंची, कौआ, जौ, जूडा,
कीचड का कीडा खोटा
खेंचा, तोडा, चाटा, घोटा
पाठ पाँचवा
प फ ब भ र ह
प पा पि पी पु पू पे पै पो पौ पं पः
र रा रि री रु रू रे रै रो रौ रं रः
भारत तीरथ है
गंगा भगीरथ है
तीर पीर कौरा गौरा
खीर अबीर छौरा डौरा
हर हर हरी हरी
झर झर झडी झरी
चाचाकी चाचीको चाट चटाओ
और जो कोई है, पटाओ हटाओ
घटाओ तो बढाओ, तोडो तो जोडो
राज भी करो तो पार भी कराओ
एजी ओजी जाओ हटो जी
चक्कर पे चक्कर पे चक्कर काटो जी
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
मराठी पाठ
by Leena Mehendale on Sunday, December 25, 2011
इन्स्क्रिप्ट टंकनके अभ्यासके लिये बीस पाठ उपयोगी -- (थोडीसी तुकबंदी सहित क्योंकि याद रखनेके लिये लय बडी उपयोगी है।)
INSCRIPT key layout
पाठ पहला --
अ आ इ ई उ ऊ ए ऐ ओ औ अं अः
आई, आए, आओ,
पाठ दूसरा
क ख ग घ,
ककाकिकीकुकूकेकैकोकौकंकः
गगागिगीगुगूगेगैगोगौगंगः
काका, काकी, कागा,
खाक, खाकी, गंगा,
घाघ, घी, गौ, कौआ
पाठ तीसरा
त थ द ध
च छ ज झ
ततातितीतुतूतेतैतोतौ
ददादिदीदुदूदेदैदोदौ
तात, तथा, तथागत
खाता, तीखा, चकाचक,
चाक, चाकू, छींको, दागो
दादी आई जागो जागो
काँच, कच्चा, छक्का, धक्का
दादा, दादी, दद्दा, अद्धा
आधा, आधी, आजा, आजी चंदा, चांदी
चाचा, चाची, छेदा, छेदी, देखादेखी
पाठ चौथा
ट ठ ड ढ
आटा, काटा, चाटा, चांटा,
आठ, काठ, खडा, डंका,
चाक, चाकू, छींको, जागो
काटा काठी गोटी, काटो
कडा, कीडा, चंगा, दिखा
कूडा, जूडा, चाट, चखा
काट कटाई, खाट खटाई,
चाट चटाई, छाँट छटाई
कौडी, कूडा, चौडी, चूडा
कैंची, कौआ, जौ, जूडा,
कीचड का कीडा खोटा
खेंचा, तोडा, चाटा, घोटा
पाठ पाँचवा
प फ ब भ र ह
प पा पि पी पु पू पे पै पो पौ पं पः
र रा रि री रु रू रे रै रो रौ रं रः
भारत तीरथ है
गंगा भगीरथ है
तीर पीर कौरा गौरा
खीर अबीर छौरा डौरा
हर हर हरी हरी
झर झर झडी झरी
चाचाकी चाचीको चाट चटाओ
और जो कोई है, पटाओ हटाओ
घटाओ तो बढाओ, तोडो तो जोडो
राज भी करो तो पार भी कराओ
एजी ओजी जाओ हटो जी
चक्कर पे चक्कर पे चक्कर काटो जी
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
मराठी पाठ
पाठ पहिला
अ आ इ ई उ ऊ ए ऐ ओ औ अं अः
आई
क ख ग घ
ककाकिकीकुकूकेकैकोकौकंकः
गगागिगीगुगूगेगैगोगौगंगः
पाठ दुसरा
ा ी ू
काका, काकी, काकू,
खाक, खोका, खाऊ
खू-खू, खी-खी, खो-खो, गाऊ
काक, काग, गंगा
घी, कंघी, घोका,
गाई, घाई, खाई,
कौआ, गौ,
पाठ तिसरा
त थ द ध ,
ि,ु,े,ो, ै, ौ ं
कात, खात, गात,
ताक, तागा, गीता,
कथा, गाथा, गदा, गोदा,
कधी, धाक, दगा, दंगा, धोका
तीखा, देखा, थूका,
तू-तू, धू-धू, थू-थू
दूध, दुआ, तुका, कांता
गीत, धुकं,
(पहा जमतं का -- घृत, दुःख तिक्त)
पाठ चौथा --
चछजझ, टठडढ, ञ
ॉ, ृ ः ँ
काच, चाकू, चाक, चकाचक,
टाका, काटा, काट, टकाटक
ताट, तूट, तीट, ताटातूट
कच्चा, अच्छा, धक्का, चक्का
चखा, चीखा, टका, टीका
गडगडाट, कडकडाट, खडखडाट,
धडधड, चिडचिड, चिंगी,
गाडगं, गाडगे, गंडक, धडक, धंधा
जागा, जटा, झगा, झेंडा, ठेंगा, ढाका, धागा
जैत, औत, ओज, आज, इजा, इडा,
ओढा, कोडा, छोडो, ढोओ, धोओ, चोथा, चौथाई, जौ,
चंदा, गंदा, घाट, घट्ट, धट्टाकट्टा,
देठ, तेढ, कैंची, घोंचूँ, घोंघा, जिंदा, झिंगा,
पाठ पाचवा
प फ ब भ
र ह ङ
य
फी पोपट पाट पोट रोखठोक
पापा याहू
हीरा रिपू रिपरिप
हुरुप रुप
हरहर हरि हार
भारत भार
पपया यार बया
पुकार चुकार कचरा
पार टापटीप कातकरी पाट पाटी टीका
चराचर, राह, खतरा,
ओक ठोक फेक
आधार घार झार खारट, खीर, वारा भारत भात थाप भार किडा खिरा
पाठ सहावा
म ण न व ल ळ स ष
अ इ उ ए ओ
आ ई ऊ ऐ औ
खोत खान खानपान
छान थान थाना थाप छाप
मासा मामा
नवल लहान
ऊस ओस
पाठ सातवा
क का कि की कु कू के कै को कौ कं कः
अशाप्रकारे क ते ज्ञ पर्यंतच्या सर्व अक्षरांची बाराखडी टंकलेखित करणे.
कैलास, पैलवान, जैविक, शैशव, शैलेश, कैकेयी, कैवल्य, मैदान, वैश्विक, वैतरणा, भैरव
हौद, औजार, हौशी, मौलिक, चौक, दौलत, भौतिक, कौतुक,
पाठ आठवा
अनंत, आकार, इतर, ईश्वर, उवाच, उखळ, उगम, ऊस ऊष्म, एकल, एकटा एकच एकाकी ऐपत एरावत, ऐक, ऐदी, ऐहिक, ओशाळा, ओंगळ, ओळंबी,
ओळख, औजार, औषध, औत, अंकुश,
पाठ नववा
ज्ञ त्र क्ष श्र ऋ ॅ र् ः ॉ ञ
ळ श ष ण माळ शाळा वलय मणका मळा
वळण लळा वाळा नळ निळा बाळ खेळ वेळ माळ नळ शूळ
शारदा शादी शामक शूर षटकोण षटकार षटक मेष बाण खाण वाण सहाण रहाणे
ज्ञान ज्ञात ज्ञानदेव ज्ञापन
मात्र गात्र त्राटिका त्रागा त्रास त्रुटी
क्षुब्ध क्षती क्षमा क्षत्रिय
श्री श्रीमती श्रीयुत श्रीराम श्रीकांत
बॉक्स फॉक्स पॉवर लॉन टॅक्स रॉक ऋतु ऋचा ऋण ऋणको ऋषि
पाठ दहावा
एखादया अक्षराला ृ (ऋकार) जोडण्यासाठी प्रथम ते अक्षर टाइप करावे. नंतर ृ type करावे.
उदा - कृपा कृतार्थ कृष्ण कृषी नृप दृष्टी सृष्टी वृष्टी
एखादया अक्षराला खाली र जोडण्यासाठी प्रथम ते अक्षर type करावे. नंतर हलन्त (शब्दाचा पाय मोडणारी कळ - english D अक्षर असलेली) दाबावी,
नंतर र अक्षर दाबावे
उदा क्रम भ्रम प्रत व्रत व्रण क्रमांक
एखाद्या अक्षरावर रफार देण्यासाठी उदा. गर्व type करताना प्रथम ग, नंतर र अक्षर दाबावे नंतर हलन्त नंतर व अक्षर दाबावे
सर्व कर्म धर्म शर्थ आर्त सार्थ अर्थ व्यर्थ अनर्थ
मराठीत क्वचित आडव्या चंद्रकोरीने र जोडतात. असा र येण्यासाठी शिफ्ट व र चे अक्षऱ एकत्र दाबावे व हलन्त (पाय मोडून) व पुढील अक्षर लिहावे
उदा. वा-यावर, गु-हाळ, त-हा
---------------------------------------------------
शनिवार, 24 दिसंबर 2011
बुधवार, 14 दिसंबर 2011
इनस्क्रिप्ट के माध्यमसे वंचित विकास
इनस्क्रिप्ट के माध्यमसे वंचित विकास --प्रेझेंटेशन के लिये यहाँ टिकटिकाएँ
लेख और प्रेझेंटेशन
About PRESENTATION
THE INFO IS THERE . Ignore a message saying "Page Not Found" on this link -- https://sites.google.com/site/suprashasana/Sahitya-Academy--%20Inscript.ppt
U ARE GETTING MANY LINES IN THIS MESSAGE--
(U ignore first 3 lines and click on Sahitya Academy--Inscript link)
लेख
इस देश में दो देश हैं
एक का नाम है इंडिया । करीब 25 प्रतिशत लोग इंडिया के निवासी हैं जो
विद्याविभूषित, अंग्रेजीदाँ, धनिक हैं। इनका संगणकसे पहला परिचय अंग्रेजी
में होता है और प्रायः वही कायम रहता है, क्योंकि आज संगणकपर हिंदी भी अंग्रेजीके
माध्यमसे लिखी जाती है। इन्हें कोई अन्तर
नही पडता कि बाकी कैसे हैं, या उनकी संगणकतक पहुँच कैसे करवाई जाये। भारत
सरकार भी इसी रोमन फोनेटिक को बढावा देती है।
दूसरे देशका शायद कोई नाम नही है, इसमें करीब 75 प्रतिशत लोग हैं। वे
अंग्रेजी अत्यल्प या नगण्य रूप में जानते हैं। उनमें से शायद दस प्रतिशत
को हिंदी टाइपराइटर पद्धतिसे टाइपिंग आता है अतः उनकी संगणक तक पहुँच है।
पर वह हिंदी महाजालपर नही टिक सकती। अतः उन दस प्रतिशतकी वैश्विक पहचान
शून्य रहेगी। बाकी 65 प्रतिशतको संगणक क्षेत्रमें प्रवेश वर्जित है।
उन 75 प्रतिशत के लिये हमारा फैसला क्या है?
संगणक उनके पिछडने का साधन बने ?
या विकास का?
परन्तु ध्यान रहे कि उनके विकासका माध्यम बनने के लिये संगणक को हिंदी की
ओर उन्मुख करना पडेगा।
क्या हममें वह क्षमता व दृढ निश्चय है?
अगर है तो आइये उन्हें इनस्क्रिप्ट के माध्यमसे संगणकपर हिंदीमें लिखना
सिखायें और उनके लिये दुनियाभर के ज्ञानके किवाड खोल दें। साथही संगणकको
उनकी रोजीरोटीका साधन बनने दें।
(आगे है)
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लेख और प्रेझेंटेशन
About PRESENTATION
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U ARE GETTING MANY LINES IN THIS MESSAGE--
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एक का नाम है इंडिया । करीब 25 प्रतिशत लोग इंडिया के निवासी हैं जो
विद्याविभूषित, अंग्रेजीदाँ, धनिक हैं। इनका संगणकसे पहला परिचय अंग्रेजी
में होता है और प्रायः वही कायम रहता है, क्योंकि आज संगणकपर हिंदी भी अंग्रेजीके
माध्यमसे लिखी जाती है। इन्हें कोई अन्तर
नही पडता कि बाकी कैसे हैं, या उनकी संगणकतक पहुँच कैसे करवाई जाये। भारत
सरकार भी इसी रोमन फोनेटिक को बढावा देती है।
दूसरे देशका शायद कोई नाम नही है, इसमें करीब 75 प्रतिशत लोग हैं। वे
अंग्रेजी अत्यल्प या नगण्य रूप में जानते हैं। उनमें से शायद दस प्रतिशत
को हिंदी टाइपराइटर पद्धतिसे टाइपिंग आता है अतः उनकी संगणक तक पहुँच है।
पर वह हिंदी महाजालपर नही टिक सकती। अतः उन दस प्रतिशतकी वैश्विक पहचान
शून्य रहेगी। बाकी 65 प्रतिशतको संगणक क्षेत्रमें प्रवेश वर्जित है।
उन 75 प्रतिशत के लिये हमारा फैसला क्या है?
संगणक उनके पिछडने का साधन बने ?
या विकास का?
परन्तु ध्यान रहे कि उनके विकासका माध्यम बनने के लिये संगणक को हिंदी की
ओर उन्मुख करना पडेगा।
क्या हममें वह क्षमता व दृढ निश्चय है?
अगर है तो आइये उन्हें इनस्क्रिप्ट के माध्यमसे संगणकपर हिंदीमें लिखना
सिखायें और उनके लिये दुनियाभर के ज्ञानके किवाड खोल दें। साथही संगणकको
उनकी रोजीरोटीका साधन बनने दें।
(आगे है)
like by --
Sanjeev Dubey, स्वप्निल कल्याणकर, Pk Sharma and 7 others like this.
Ashok Patwardhan, Sanjeev Dubey, Vijay Prabhakar Nagarkar and 20 others like this.
Shrinivas Gitte
Santosh Bhogle
Chhaya Thorat
Devendra Borse
- Deva Zinjad
शनिवार, 20 अगस्त 2011
Chat with Snehal Mahamuni
:):)
mala tumchi sadhi rahani ani uccha positive vicharsarni far awadli
sopa nahi asa
[You]
Report · 9:49pm
khoop sopa ahe.
sadhi rahani ka tar aplyala itar manasarkhya goshti karayala jast vel milato
[Snehal Mahamuni]
Report · 9:50pm
tumhala sopa ahe ho
[You]
Report · 9:50pm
itaka to sadha swartha ahe
[Snehal Mahamuni]
Report · 9:50pm
pan fashionchi lokach pahaychi saway asnaryanna
i agree with with u
me pan khup sadhi rahate asa mala sagle mhantat
mazya 15+ yrs chya job madhe me ekahi sonyacha dagina nahi kela
fakta ek motyacha set mala purato
[You]
Report · 9:52pm
sadha rahanya itakach khara boana he pan mahatwach karan tyanehi khoop khoop vel wachato
mala tumchi sadhi rahani ani uccha positive vicharsarni far awadli
sopa nahi asa
[You]
Report · 9:49pm
khoop sopa ahe.
sadhi rahani ka tar aplyala itar manasarkhya goshti karayala jast vel milato
[Snehal Mahamuni]
Report · 9:50pm
tumhala sopa ahe ho
[You]
Report · 9:50pm
itaka to sadha swartha ahe
[Snehal Mahamuni]
Report · 9:50pm
pan fashionchi lokach pahaychi saway asnaryanna
i agree with with u
me pan khup sadhi rahate asa mala sagle mhantat
mazya 15+ yrs chya job madhe me ekahi sonyacha dagina nahi kela
fakta ek motyacha set mala purato
[You]
Report · 9:52pm
sadha rahanya itakach khara boana he pan mahatwach karan tyanehi khoop khoop vel wachato
Fair chance in UPSC prelims to the Language students.
SYNOPSIS, LIST OF DATES AND EVENTS
That the petitioners herein are aggrieved by the illegal, unjust, regressive and unequal policy/measure framed by the UPSC vide notification …………. dated 19.02.2011 to confer extra benefits to the candidates taking the UPSC examination in English medium and thereby hindering the chances of those who choose Hindi or other Indian languages as a medium of taking the UPSC exam.
The petitioners herein are challenging the decision of the Central Government to modify the paper for the Preliminary Examination for Civil Services of the Union. Upto 2010, the candidates had to answer two Objective type question papers; one for General Knowledge and one pertaining to a Subject of his choice. In the changed pattern effective from 2011 onwards, in place of the subject paper, the candidates for the 2011 examination had to take an Aptitude Test. This paper carried 200 marks and about 22.5 marks were allotted to ‘English Language Comprehension Skills’. We wish to submit that it should have been "Language Comprehension Skills" to e set in the lnguage which the candidate has been allowed to opt for the rest of the questions in the said paper.
It may be recalled that after independence, it was repeatedly asserted that the Civil Service Examination of the Union was open only to a microscopic minority of those who study through the English medium. The doors of government service were shut for those who had studied through the medium of an Indian language. It was rightly changed by allowing candidates to opt for any Indian Language. But the above notification is once again a retrograde step to give advantage of 22.5 marks when the success in the elimination round depends even on a fraction of mark.
The aforesaid act of the respondents is clearly discriminatory to the vast majority of Indians especially from small towns, rural backgrounds and all others who had studied in Hindi Medium or any other Indian language, as it puts them at a disadvantage right at the "Entry Point or the point of elimination".
The aforesaid act of the respondents violates Article 14 of the Constitution of India which ensures to all citizens equality before law and equal protection of law in so far as it places children who had opted for English medium schools in an advantageous position.
The aforesaid act of the respondents violates Article 16 of the Constitution of India which states that ‘There shall be equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the state.’
The aforesaid act of the respondents is a retrograde step and which is contrary to the scientific principles adopted by the Kothari Committee in 1977 which had recommended after considering the views of the UPSC, Department of Personnel and others, that the medium of examination may be one of the Principle languages of India’.
In 1979, the UPSC implemented the proposals by allowing candidates to opt for the language in which they wished to be examined and this change proved beneficial to those who hailed from small towns and could not afford education in costly English medium schools but had the required talent and qualities but were kept out because of Supremacy of English.
The aforesaid act of the respondents is in violation of the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution of India which has specified 14 major languages of India besides Hindi, and it is necessary in the interest of the educational and cultural advancement of the country that concerted measures should be taken for the full development of these languages;
The aforesaid act of the respondents deprives a vast majority of Indian citizens of their right to appear and compete for entry to Civil Services of the Union.
Both the Houses of Parliament unanimously adopted a resolution numbered F5/8/65-0L dated 18.01.1968 whose para 4 stated as under:
‘That all the languages included in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution and English shall be permitted as alternative media for the All India and higher Central Services Examination after ascertaining the views of the Union Public Service Commission on the future scheme of examination, the procedural aspect and the timing’.
That the aforesaid act of the Respondents is in violation of Articles 343 which states that (1) The official language of the Union shall be Hindi in Devnagri Script…….
The aforesaid act of the respondents is in violation of the Preamble of the Constitution of India which seeks to secure to all its citizens “liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship” and "equality before Law"
The aforesaid act of the respondents is in violation of/infringes the Universal Declaration of Human Rights which include protection of the cultural rights and that Hindi and other Languages of the Eighth schedule is the prime instrument of the cultural life of the majority of people in India.
That Hindi and other Languages of the Eighth schedule is the basis of Indian culture. Making English compulsory by the respondents will strike a body blow to wipe off India’s rich cultural heritage from its roots. Hindi and other classical languages have to be given their rightful place in the educational system.
No study has ever been conducted which showed that the comprehension of English at the entry level must be an essential attribute of an aspiring administrator. It is comprehension that needs to be tested and not Comprehension of English Language.
It is well known that every selected candidate has to undergo foundation courses and training for the period of 2 years and he is also bound to take specialized courses from time to time while in service.
That the Annual Reports of UPSC shows that every year a large number of candidates write the main examination in Hindi and other Indian languages.
Year Languages No. of students
2006 Hindi 3306
Other languages 250
Total 3556
2007 Hindi 3751
Other languages 318
Total 4069
2008 Hindi 5117
Other languages 318
Total 5498
A number of representations in this regard have been made by various organizations including the petitioner herein to various authorities including the Hon’ble President of India, The Prime Minister of India, The Home Minister of India, The State Minister for Home Affairs of India, Sh. Narayan Swamy, Home Secretary, Rajbhasha Secretary, Chairman, UPSC.
That on 02.05.2011, the Chief Minister of Bihar, Nitish Kumar stated that the aforesaid act of the respondents will cause injustice to the aspirants from rural areas.
19.02.2011 Employment News 19-25 February 2011 published news that Preliminary Examination of the Civil Services Examination for recruitment to the Services and Posts mentioned below will be held by the Union Public Department of Personnel & Training in Gazette of India Extraordinary.
18.03.2011 Representation by petitioner herein to President of India, Prime Minister, Home Minister and others.
No response from the various authorities.
Hence the present petition
That the petitioners herein are aggrieved by the illegal, unjust, regressive and unequal policy/measure framed by the UPSC vide notification …………. dated 19.02.2011 to confer extra benefits to the candidates taking the UPSC examination in English medium and thereby hindering the chances of those who choose Hindi or other Indian languages as a medium of taking the UPSC exam.
The petitioners herein are challenging the decision of the Central Government to modify the paper for the Preliminary Examination for Civil Services of the Union. Upto 2010, the candidates had to answer two Objective type question papers; one for General Knowledge and one pertaining to a Subject of his choice. In the changed pattern effective from 2011 onwards, in place of the subject paper, the candidates for the 2011 examination had to take an Aptitude Test. This paper carried 200 marks and about 22.5 marks were allotted to ‘English Language Comprehension Skills’. We wish to submit that it should have been "Language Comprehension Skills" to e set in the lnguage which the candidate has been allowed to opt for the rest of the questions in the said paper.
It may be recalled that after independence, it was repeatedly asserted that the Civil Service Examination of the Union was open only to a microscopic minority of those who study through the English medium. The doors of government service were shut for those who had studied through the medium of an Indian language. It was rightly changed by allowing candidates to opt for any Indian Language. But the above notification is once again a retrograde step to give advantage of 22.5 marks when the success in the elimination round depends even on a fraction of mark.
The aforesaid act of the respondents is clearly discriminatory to the vast majority of Indians especially from small towns, rural backgrounds and all others who had studied in Hindi Medium or any other Indian language, as it puts them at a disadvantage right at the "Entry Point or the point of elimination".
The aforesaid act of the respondents violates Article 14 of the Constitution of India which ensures to all citizens equality before law and equal protection of law in so far as it places children who had opted for English medium schools in an advantageous position.
The aforesaid act of the respondents violates Article 16 of the Constitution of India which states that ‘There shall be equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the state.’
The aforesaid act of the respondents is a retrograde step and which is contrary to the scientific principles adopted by the Kothari Committee in 1977 which had recommended after considering the views of the UPSC, Department of Personnel and others, that the medium of examination may be one of the Principle languages of India’.
In 1979, the UPSC implemented the proposals by allowing candidates to opt for the language in which they wished to be examined and this change proved beneficial to those who hailed from small towns and could not afford education in costly English medium schools but had the required talent and qualities but were kept out because of Supremacy of English.
The aforesaid act of the respondents is in violation of the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution of India which has specified 14 major languages of India besides Hindi, and it is necessary in the interest of the educational and cultural advancement of the country that concerted measures should be taken for the full development of these languages;
The aforesaid act of the respondents deprives a vast majority of Indian citizens of their right to appear and compete for entry to Civil Services of the Union.
Both the Houses of Parliament unanimously adopted a resolution numbered F5/8/65-0L dated 18.01.1968 whose para 4 stated as under:
‘That all the languages included in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution and English shall be permitted as alternative media for the All India and higher Central Services Examination after ascertaining the views of the Union Public Service Commission on the future scheme of examination, the procedural aspect and the timing’.
That the aforesaid act of the Respondents is in violation of Articles 343 which states that (1) The official language of the Union shall be Hindi in Devnagri Script…….
The aforesaid act of the respondents is in violation of the Preamble of the Constitution of India which seeks to secure to all its citizens “liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship” and "equality before Law"
The aforesaid act of the respondents is in violation of/infringes the Universal Declaration of Human Rights which include protection of the cultural rights and that Hindi and other Languages of the Eighth schedule is the prime instrument of the cultural life of the majority of people in India.
That Hindi and other Languages of the Eighth schedule is the basis of Indian culture. Making English compulsory by the respondents will strike a body blow to wipe off India’s rich cultural heritage from its roots. Hindi and other classical languages have to be given their rightful place in the educational system.
No study has ever been conducted which showed that the comprehension of English at the entry level must be an essential attribute of an aspiring administrator. It is comprehension that needs to be tested and not Comprehension of English Language.
It is well known that every selected candidate has to undergo foundation courses and training for the period of 2 years and he is also bound to take specialized courses from time to time while in service.
That the Annual Reports of UPSC shows that every year a large number of candidates write the main examination in Hindi and other Indian languages.
Year Languages No. of students
2006 Hindi 3306
Other languages 250
Total 3556
2007 Hindi 3751
Other languages 318
Total 4069
2008 Hindi 5117
Other languages 318
Total 5498
A number of representations in this regard have been made by various organizations including the petitioner herein to various authorities including the Hon’ble President of India, The Prime Minister of India, The Home Minister of India, The State Minister for Home Affairs of India, Sh. Narayan Swamy, Home Secretary, Rajbhasha Secretary, Chairman, UPSC.
That on 02.05.2011, the Chief Minister of Bihar, Nitish Kumar stated that the aforesaid act of the respondents will cause injustice to the aspirants from rural areas.
19.02.2011 Employment News 19-25 February 2011 published news that Preliminary Examination of the Civil Services Examination for recruitment to the Services and Posts mentioned below will be held by the Union Public Department of Personnel & Training in Gazette of India Extraordinary.
18.03.2011 Representation by petitioner herein to President of India, Prime Minister, Home Minister and others.
No response from the various authorities.
Hence the present petition
सदस्यता लें
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