:):)
mala tumchi sadhi rahani ani uccha positive vicharsarni far awadli
sopa nahi asa
[You]
Report · 9:49pm
khoop sopa ahe.
sadhi rahani ka tar aplyala itar manasarkhya goshti karayala jast vel milato
[Snehal Mahamuni]
Report · 9:50pm
tumhala sopa ahe ho
[You]
Report · 9:50pm
itaka to sadha swartha ahe
[Snehal Mahamuni]
Report · 9:50pm
pan fashionchi lokach pahaychi saway asnaryanna
i agree with with u
me pan khup sadhi rahate asa mala sagle mhantat
mazya 15+ yrs chya job madhe me ekahi sonyacha dagina nahi kela
fakta ek motyacha set mala purato
[You]
Report · 9:52pm
sadha rahanya itakach khara boana he pan mahatwach karan tyanehi khoop khoop vel wachato
शनिवार, 20 अगस्त 2011
Fair chance in UPSC prelims to the Language students.
SYNOPSIS, LIST OF DATES AND EVENTS
That the petitioners herein are aggrieved by the illegal, unjust, regressive and unequal policy/measure framed by the UPSC vide notification …………. dated 19.02.2011 to confer extra benefits to the candidates taking the UPSC examination in English medium and thereby hindering the chances of those who choose Hindi or other Indian languages as a medium of taking the UPSC exam.
The petitioners herein are challenging the decision of the Central Government to modify the paper for the Preliminary Examination for Civil Services of the Union. Upto 2010, the candidates had to answer two Objective type question papers; one for General Knowledge and one pertaining to a Subject of his choice. In the changed pattern effective from 2011 onwards, in place of the subject paper, the candidates for the 2011 examination had to take an Aptitude Test. This paper carried 200 marks and about 22.5 marks were allotted to ‘English Language Comprehension Skills’. We wish to submit that it should have been "Language Comprehension Skills" to e set in the lnguage which the candidate has been allowed to opt for the rest of the questions in the said paper.
It may be recalled that after independence, it was repeatedly asserted that the Civil Service Examination of the Union was open only to a microscopic minority of those who study through the English medium. The doors of government service were shut for those who had studied through the medium of an Indian language. It was rightly changed by allowing candidates to opt for any Indian Language. But the above notification is once again a retrograde step to give advantage of 22.5 marks when the success in the elimination round depends even on a fraction of mark.
The aforesaid act of the respondents is clearly discriminatory to the vast majority of Indians especially from small towns, rural backgrounds and all others who had studied in Hindi Medium or any other Indian language, as it puts them at a disadvantage right at the "Entry Point or the point of elimination".
The aforesaid act of the respondents violates Article 14 of the Constitution of India which ensures to all citizens equality before law and equal protection of law in so far as it places children who had opted for English medium schools in an advantageous position.
The aforesaid act of the respondents violates Article 16 of the Constitution of India which states that ‘There shall be equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the state.’
The aforesaid act of the respondents is a retrograde step and which is contrary to the scientific principles adopted by the Kothari Committee in 1977 which had recommended after considering the views of the UPSC, Department of Personnel and others, that the medium of examination may be one of the Principle languages of India’.
In 1979, the UPSC implemented the proposals by allowing candidates to opt for the language in which they wished to be examined and this change proved beneficial to those who hailed from small towns and could not afford education in costly English medium schools but had the required talent and qualities but were kept out because of Supremacy of English.
The aforesaid act of the respondents is in violation of the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution of India which has specified 14 major languages of India besides Hindi, and it is necessary in the interest of the educational and cultural advancement of the country that concerted measures should be taken for the full development of these languages;
The aforesaid act of the respondents deprives a vast majority of Indian citizens of their right to appear and compete for entry to Civil Services of the Union.
Both the Houses of Parliament unanimously adopted a resolution numbered F5/8/65-0L dated 18.01.1968 whose para 4 stated as under:
‘That all the languages included in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution and English shall be permitted as alternative media for the All India and higher Central Services Examination after ascertaining the views of the Union Public Service Commission on the future scheme of examination, the procedural aspect and the timing’.
That the aforesaid act of the Respondents is in violation of Articles 343 which states that (1) The official language of the Union shall be Hindi in Devnagri Script…….
The aforesaid act of the respondents is in violation of the Preamble of the Constitution of India which seeks to secure to all its citizens “liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship” and "equality before Law"
The aforesaid act of the respondents is in violation of/infringes the Universal Declaration of Human Rights which include protection of the cultural rights and that Hindi and other Languages of the Eighth schedule is the prime instrument of the cultural life of the majority of people in India.
That Hindi and other Languages of the Eighth schedule is the basis of Indian culture. Making English compulsory by the respondents will strike a body blow to wipe off India’s rich cultural heritage from its roots. Hindi and other classical languages have to be given their rightful place in the educational system.
No study has ever been conducted which showed that the comprehension of English at the entry level must be an essential attribute of an aspiring administrator. It is comprehension that needs to be tested and not Comprehension of English Language.
It is well known that every selected candidate has to undergo foundation courses and training for the period of 2 years and he is also bound to take specialized courses from time to time while in service.
That the Annual Reports of UPSC shows that every year a large number of candidates write the main examination in Hindi and other Indian languages.
Year Languages No. of students
2006 Hindi 3306
Other languages 250
Total 3556
2007 Hindi 3751
Other languages 318
Total 4069
2008 Hindi 5117
Other languages 318
Total 5498
A number of representations in this regard have been made by various organizations including the petitioner herein to various authorities including the Hon’ble President of India, The Prime Minister of India, The Home Minister of India, The State Minister for Home Affairs of India, Sh. Narayan Swamy, Home Secretary, Rajbhasha Secretary, Chairman, UPSC.
That on 02.05.2011, the Chief Minister of Bihar, Nitish Kumar stated that the aforesaid act of the respondents will cause injustice to the aspirants from rural areas.
19.02.2011 Employment News 19-25 February 2011 published news that Preliminary Examination of the Civil Services Examination for recruitment to the Services and Posts mentioned below will be held by the Union Public Department of Personnel & Training in Gazette of India Extraordinary.
18.03.2011 Representation by petitioner herein to President of India, Prime Minister, Home Minister and others.
No response from the various authorities.
Hence the present petition
That the petitioners herein are aggrieved by the illegal, unjust, regressive and unequal policy/measure framed by the UPSC vide notification …………. dated 19.02.2011 to confer extra benefits to the candidates taking the UPSC examination in English medium and thereby hindering the chances of those who choose Hindi or other Indian languages as a medium of taking the UPSC exam.
The petitioners herein are challenging the decision of the Central Government to modify the paper for the Preliminary Examination for Civil Services of the Union. Upto 2010, the candidates had to answer two Objective type question papers; one for General Knowledge and one pertaining to a Subject of his choice. In the changed pattern effective from 2011 onwards, in place of the subject paper, the candidates for the 2011 examination had to take an Aptitude Test. This paper carried 200 marks and about 22.5 marks were allotted to ‘English Language Comprehension Skills’. We wish to submit that it should have been "Language Comprehension Skills" to e set in the lnguage which the candidate has been allowed to opt for the rest of the questions in the said paper.
It may be recalled that after independence, it was repeatedly asserted that the Civil Service Examination of the Union was open only to a microscopic minority of those who study through the English medium. The doors of government service were shut for those who had studied through the medium of an Indian language. It was rightly changed by allowing candidates to opt for any Indian Language. But the above notification is once again a retrograde step to give advantage of 22.5 marks when the success in the elimination round depends even on a fraction of mark.
The aforesaid act of the respondents is clearly discriminatory to the vast majority of Indians especially from small towns, rural backgrounds and all others who had studied in Hindi Medium or any other Indian language, as it puts them at a disadvantage right at the "Entry Point or the point of elimination".
The aforesaid act of the respondents violates Article 14 of the Constitution of India which ensures to all citizens equality before law and equal protection of law in so far as it places children who had opted for English medium schools in an advantageous position.
The aforesaid act of the respondents violates Article 16 of the Constitution of India which states that ‘There shall be equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the state.’
The aforesaid act of the respondents is a retrograde step and which is contrary to the scientific principles adopted by the Kothari Committee in 1977 which had recommended after considering the views of the UPSC, Department of Personnel and others, that the medium of examination may be one of the Principle languages of India’.
In 1979, the UPSC implemented the proposals by allowing candidates to opt for the language in which they wished to be examined and this change proved beneficial to those who hailed from small towns and could not afford education in costly English medium schools but had the required talent and qualities but were kept out because of Supremacy of English.
The aforesaid act of the respondents is in violation of the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution of India which has specified 14 major languages of India besides Hindi, and it is necessary in the interest of the educational and cultural advancement of the country that concerted measures should be taken for the full development of these languages;
The aforesaid act of the respondents deprives a vast majority of Indian citizens of their right to appear and compete for entry to Civil Services of the Union.
Both the Houses of Parliament unanimously adopted a resolution numbered F5/8/65-0L dated 18.01.1968 whose para 4 stated as under:
‘That all the languages included in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution and English shall be permitted as alternative media for the All India and higher Central Services Examination after ascertaining the views of the Union Public Service Commission on the future scheme of examination, the procedural aspect and the timing’.
That the aforesaid act of the Respondents is in violation of Articles 343 which states that (1) The official language of the Union shall be Hindi in Devnagri Script…….
The aforesaid act of the respondents is in violation of the Preamble of the Constitution of India which seeks to secure to all its citizens “liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship” and "equality before Law"
The aforesaid act of the respondents is in violation of/infringes the Universal Declaration of Human Rights which include protection of the cultural rights and that Hindi and other Languages of the Eighth schedule is the prime instrument of the cultural life of the majority of people in India.
That Hindi and other Languages of the Eighth schedule is the basis of Indian culture. Making English compulsory by the respondents will strike a body blow to wipe off India’s rich cultural heritage from its roots. Hindi and other classical languages have to be given their rightful place in the educational system.
No study has ever been conducted which showed that the comprehension of English at the entry level must be an essential attribute of an aspiring administrator. It is comprehension that needs to be tested and not Comprehension of English Language.
It is well known that every selected candidate has to undergo foundation courses and training for the period of 2 years and he is also bound to take specialized courses from time to time while in service.
That the Annual Reports of UPSC shows that every year a large number of candidates write the main examination in Hindi and other Indian languages.
Year Languages No. of students
2006 Hindi 3306
Other languages 250
Total 3556
2007 Hindi 3751
Other languages 318
Total 4069
2008 Hindi 5117
Other languages 318
Total 5498
A number of representations in this regard have been made by various organizations including the petitioner herein to various authorities including the Hon’ble President of India, The Prime Minister of India, The Home Minister of India, The State Minister for Home Affairs of India, Sh. Narayan Swamy, Home Secretary, Rajbhasha Secretary, Chairman, UPSC.
That on 02.05.2011, the Chief Minister of Bihar, Nitish Kumar stated that the aforesaid act of the respondents will cause injustice to the aspirants from rural areas.
19.02.2011 Employment News 19-25 February 2011 published news that Preliminary Examination of the Civil Services Examination for recruitment to the Services and Posts mentioned below will be held by the Union Public Department of Personnel & Training in Gazette of India Extraordinary.
18.03.2011 Representation by petitioner herein to President of India, Prime Minister, Home Minister and others.
No response from the various authorities.
Hence the present petition
शनिवार, 6 अगस्त 2011
Suggestion to MPs--संगणक पर हिन्दी व भारतीय भाषाओंको को प्रस्थापित करने हेतू
Suggestion to MPs--
संगणक पर हिन्दी व भारतीय भाषाओंको को प्रस्थापित करने हेतूसंविधान की धारा 343 में राजभाषा के रूप में हिन्दी को प्रस्थापित करने के लिये पंद्रह वर्षका समय नियत किया गया और जनता, लोकसभा सदस्य तथा सरकार, सभी को यह जिम्मा दिया गया कि उसके लिये सफल प्रयास करें। राजभाषा हिंदी के साथ-साथ सभी भारतीय लिपियाँ व भाषाओंके लिये भी प्रायः ऐसा ही निर्देश धारा 345 में दिया गया।
आजके संगणकके युग में जो भाषा या लिपी संगणक पर प्रस्थापित नही होगी उसका प्रभाव, उपयोग एवं व्यावहारिकता क्षीण होते चलेंगे। संगणक पर हिंदीसहित सभी भाषाओंको सुदृढ स्थान मिलनेके उद्देशसे पुणे स्थित सरकारी संस्था सीडॅकने 1988 में एक अच्छा प्रयास किया जिसके फलस्वरूप संगणक पर टंकन (टायपिंग) करने के लिये एक अति-सरल व सुलभ पद्धति बनी। इसमें सरलता यह रखी कि कुंजियोंका क्रम कखगघ, चछजझ पद्धतिसे था जैसा हम पहली कक्षा में पढते हैं अतः यह स्वयम् दिमाग में बैठ जाता था। इन-स्क्रिप्ट नामक इस कुंजीपटल-पद्धति में की-बोर्डकी प्रत्येक कुंजीको कखगघ, चछजझ के क्रम में देवनागरीके एक-एक वर्णाक्षरके लिये आरक्षित किया गया । अर्थात् एक कुंजीसे संगणकको उसी एक वर्णाक्षरका निर्देश मिलेगा। इस प्रकार प्रत्येक कुंजीका इन-स्क्रिप्ट विधामें मानकीकरण हुआ। इसी मानकको 1991 में ब्यूरो ऑफ इंडियन स्टॅण्डर्डने अपनाया और आगे चलकर 1998 में विश्वस्तर पर यूनीकोड ने भी यही मानक अपनाया। यूनीकोड द्वारा मानक अपनाने का अर्थ और परिणाम यह हुआ कि इस मानकके साथ जो भी सॉफ्टवेअर देवनागरी लिखनेके लिये बनेगा उसके उपयोगसे लिखे आलेख (डॉक्यूमेंट) इंटरनेट पर आलेख के रूप में ही रहेंगे, जंक नही दिखेंगे।
ऐसा सॉफ्टवेअर सन 2002 के आसपास मायक्रोसॉफ्टने सीडॅककी मददसे बनाया, परन्तु उसमें केवल एक ही फॉण्टकी सुविधा उपलब्ध कराई जो मंगल फॉण्ट है। यह फ्री (मुफ्त) उपलब्ध है और इसे संगणकपर संस्थापित करनेके बाद ई-मेल भेजने के लिये भी याहू या जीमेल पर डायरेक्ट हिंदी-टायपिंग की जा सकती है। यहाँ एक तकनीकी मुद्दा समझना आवश्यक है कि कुंजीयोंपर वर्णाक्षरोंको आरक्षित करना एक प्रकारका मानक है और कुंजीसे प्राप्त निर्देशको संगणक अपने संग्राहक (हार्ड डिस्क) पर किस फार्मूलेसे जमा करेगा यह एक अन्य मानक होता है। सामान्य भाषा में इन्हें निर्देश-तंत्र-मानक व संग्रह-तंत्र-मानक कहा जा सकता है। सीडॅकद्वारा दोनों प्रकार के मानक विकसित हुए और उनकी सरलता में ही उनका सामर्थ्य व उपयोगिता थी। इसी सरलता के कारण वह दोनों मानक पहले लीनक्स ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टममें और बाद में यूनीकोड मानक-प्रणाली पर अपनाये गये। लीनक्स-प्रणालीका फलसफा है कि संगणकसे संबंधित हर सॉफ्टवेअर विश्वभरमें मुफ्त उपलब्ध कराओ। अतः लीनक्स ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम द्वारा 1998 के आसपास इन-स्क्रिप्ट मानक (निर्देश-तंत्र-मानक व संग्रह-तंत्र-मानक, दोनों) अपनाये जानेपर अपने भारतीय मार्केटको बचाये रखने के लिये मायक्रोसॉफ्टने भी अविलंब (सन 2002 के आसपास) मंगल फॉण्ट उपलब्ध कराया।
यह बात और इन पृष्ठों पर लिखी हर बात सभी भारतीय भाषाओंपर लागू है क्योंकि सबकी वर्णमाला एक है। अतः इन-स्क्रिप्ट कुंजीपटल प्रत्येक भारतीय भाषा के लिये समान रूपसे लागू है। मायक्रोसॉफ्टने हर भारतीय भाषा के लिये एक-एक मुफ्त फॉण्ट उपलब्ध कराया है।
संगणकपर भाषा लिखने-पढने हेतू एक तीसरे मानककी भी आवश्यकता होती है जो फॉण्टकी अर्थात् वर्णाकृतिकी सुघडता व सुंदरता को (अर्थात स्क्रीन पर कैसा दिखे ) सुनिश्चित करता है। इसे हम दृश्य-निर्देश-तंत्र कह सकते हैं। सीडॅकने वह मानक भी बनाये और आज उनके पास एक विशाल फॉण्ट-भंडार है जिसमें सौ के लगभग विभिन्न आकृतियोंवाले फॉण्ट उपलब्ध हैं। इनकी आवश्यकता प्रिंटिंग के लिये भी है और इसलिये भी कि आपके आलेख में यदि सर्वदा एक ही एक फॉण्ट दिखेगा तो उससे एक प्रकार का फॉण्ट-फटीग अर्थात वितृष्णा उत्पन्न होती है। अंगरेजी में भी कई फॉण्ट हैं जैसे एरियल, बुकमॅन या टाइम्स न्यू रोमन । यह मूलतः कॅलीग्राफी का काम है जिससे अक्षर की सुंदरता तय होती है।
प्रश्न है कि संगणकपर हिंदी-विकास के इस लम्बे अंतराल में सीडॅकने क्या किया। सीडॅकने अपने खुदके हिंदी-सॉफ्टवेअरोंमें कुंजीपटलके हेतु इन-स्क्रिप्ट का निर्देश-तंत्र-मानक और फॉण्टों के लिये बने दृश्य-तंत्र-मानक अपनाये किन्तु संग्रह-तंत्र-मानक नही अपनाया अतः आजभी उनके सॉफ्टवेअर के मार्फत लिखे आलेख इंटरनेटमें जंक हो जाते हैं। सीडॅक-प्रणीत इन-स्क्रिप्ट व यूनीकोड-प्रणीत इन-स्क्रिप्ट में यह अन्तर है, हालाँकि इनस्क्रिप्ट वर्णक्रमकी मूल संकल्पना सीडॅककी थी । सीडॅक-प्रणीत इन-स्क्रिप्टकी भारी-भरकम कीमत भी है। अतः केवल सरकारी कार्यालय ही उन्हे खरीद सकते हैं, सामान्य जन नही। परन्तु मायक्रोसॉफ्टके लिये यूनीकोड-मानक-आधारित मंगल फॉण्ट बना देने के बाद अब जाकर 2005-09 के अंतराल में सीडॅकने करीब नये 20 फॉण्ट बनाये हैं जो बी.आय.एस. व यूनीकोडके संग्रह-तंत्र-मानक के अनुरूप हैं अतएव इंटरनेटमें जंक नही होंगे। सीडॅक व डी.आई.टी. के अधिकारी-गण जिस-तिस सेमिनारमें हाजिरी लगाकर जादूगरके जम्हूरेकी तर्जमें जेबसे एक सीडी निकालकर दिखाते हैं कि लो, इसमें इंटरनेट-कम्पॅटिबल (इंटरनेटपर टिकनेवाले) और फिर भी मुफ्त बीसियों फॉण्ट हैं, सीडॅकको पत्र लिखकर इसे मंगवा लीजिये। परन्तु वे नही जानते कि इस सीडीकी उपयोगिता क्यों व कितनी सीमित है।
पाँच माँगें --
इस पृष्ठभूमि में हमारी पहली माँग है कि राजभाषा व डीआयटी के वरिष्ठ अधिकारी इन-स्क्रिप्ट कुंजीपटलकी सरलता को स्वयं देखें और हॅण्डस-ऑन ट्रेनिंग करें। हमारा दावा है कि यह कुंजीपटल समझने हेतू पाँच मिनट, हॅण्डस-ऑन ट्रेनिंग हेतू दस मिनट व कामचलाऊ स्पीड के लिये दो दिन पर्याप्त हैं, पर इस ट्रेनिंगके बिना वे संगणकपर हिंदी को प्रतिष्ठित करने हेतू किसी भी स्कीम को समझने और कार्यान्वित करने में अक्षम हैं।
दूसरी माँग है कि इस ट्रेनिंगके पश्चात वे मोबाइल कंपनियों के साथ बैठक कर यह नितान्त सरल पद्धति मोबाइल पर उपलब्ध कराने हेतू उन्हें प्रेरित करें।
तीसरी माँग - सीडॅक की वेब-साइटसे उन उपरोक्त बीसियों फॉण्टोंको फ्री-डाउनलोड के लिये उपलब्ध कराया जाय ताकि जब भी-जिसे भी इसकी आवश्यकता हो वह तत्काल डाउनलोड कर इनका उपयोग शुरु कर दे। जब ऐसा होगा तभी विश्वके सुदूर कोनोंतक बैठे भारतीय इनका लाभ उठा सकेंगे। इस उपलब्धता की जानकारी व लिंक सीडॅकके मुख्य-पृष्ठ पर दी जाय।
साथ ही यह शर्त यदि सीडॅकने लगाई हो तो हटाई जाये कि इन सॉफ्टवेअरको आधार बनाकर किसी प्राइवेट व्यक्ति द्वारा किया गया अगला आविष्कार बेचा नही जा सकता। हमारे देशको संगणकके क्षेत्रमें अगले आविष्कारोंकी नितांत आवश्यकता है जिसके लिये नये प्राइवेट आविष्कारकों को प्रोत्साहन देनेपर ही हिंदी का विकास हो सकेगा।
हालाँकि मंगल फॉण्ट फ्री (मुफ्त) उपलब्ध है लेकिन संगणकपर विण्डोज ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम लोड करते समय इसकी फाईल i-386 बाय-डिफॉल्ट लोड नही होती, उसे अलगसे निर्देश देना पडता है। अतः संगणक-विक्रेताओंपर यह कानूनन जिम्मेवारी डाली जाय की ग्राहक को वे यह फाइल लोड करके और दिखाकर ही बिक्री करेंगे। साथ ही राजभाषा विभाग इस बाबत विज्ञापन बनाकर टीवी पर चलाय़े।
पाँचवीं माँग -- यूनीकोडमें संग्रह-तंत्र-मानकके लिये सीडॅकके मानकके साथ-साथ रोमन-फोनेटिकका मानक भी रखा है अतः गूगल-ट्रान्सलिटरेशन या बरहा जैसे सॉफ्टवेअर हिंदी-लेखन के लिये रोमन लिपीमें लिखकर हिंदी लिपीमें पढे जानेवाली सुविधा देते हैं, दुर्भाग्यसे सरकार व सीडॅकभी इनस्क्रिप्टकी बजाय इसी तंत्रको प्रमोट करते हैं। लेकिन इसमें हिंदी व अन्य सभी भारतीय लिपियाँ धीरे-धीरे लुप्त होने की संभावना बन रही है। साथही देशके पचास प्रतिशत बच्चे जो आठवीं कक्षातक आते आते स्कूल छोड देते हैं, उन्हे कभी भी संगणकका उपयोग नही सिखाया जा सकता। अतः हमारी सरकार रोमन-आधारित सॉफ्टवेअरोंको बढावा देनेकी जगह इनस्क्रिप्टको बढावा दे। इसके लिये सर्वशिक्षा विभाग निश्चित व्यवस्था करे।
एक खतरा -- तमाम अच्छाइयोंके बावजूद युनीकोड मानकने इनस्क्रिप्टके मूल रूपमें एक गंभीर त्रुटि निर्माण की है। इनस्क्रिप्टके मूल रूपमें एक ही वर्णमाला और एक ही कुंजीपटल होने के कारण एक आदेशमात्रसे लिप्यंतरण हो जाता था। युनीकोड-मानक कन्सोर्शियममें यह बात प्रभावी रूपसे न रखनेके कारण जहाँ एक ओर इंटरनेटकी सुविधा मिली तो दूसरी ओर लिप्यात्मक एकता को खतरा हो गया है। इस बाबत शीघ्र उपाय आवश्यक हैं जो प्रभावी विदेशनीतिसे ही किये जा सकेंगे।
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शुक्रवार, 5 अगस्त 2011
सदस्यता लें
संदेश (Atom)
